| 2004 №11 (08) | 2004 №11 (10) |
The Paton Welding Journal, 2004, #11, 39-44 pages
History of origination, technological features and technical capabilities of the first methods of soldering, brazing
A.M. Zhadkevich
E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of the NASU 11 Kazymyr Malevych Str., 03150, Kyiv, Ukraine.Abstract
Retrospective review of development of brazing technique in manufacturing bronze, gold and silver items by the ancient and medieval craftsmen is given. Technology of brazing the intricate tin items is described. It is noted that the heat source was hearth furnaces with an air blowing through a tube, and the composition of fluxes included metallic powders of metals, carbonates and nitrides. Composition of brazing alloys was selected from the condition of a minimum temperature of eutectic transformation and similar color and glitter as that of the metal brazed.
Keywords: history of technology, technology of brazing, heat sources, fluxes, brazing alloys, brazed items
References
1. (1975) Handbook on brazing. Ed. by S.N. Lotsmanov, I.E. Petrunin, V.P. Frolov. Moscow: Mashinostroenie.2. (1979) Technology in its historical development. Ed. by S.V. Shukhardin, N.Kfbaman, A.S. Fyodorov. Moscow: Nauka.
3. Kolchin, B.A. (1975) Problems of study of technology of most ancient manufacturing. In: Essays of technology of the ancient manufacturing. Moscow: Nauka.
4. Rybakov, B.A. (1948) Handicraft of Ancient Russia. Moscow-Leningrad: AN SSSR.
5. N1967) Archeology and natural sciences. Transact. Moscow:
6. Khrenov, K.K. (1970) Cutting and brazing of metals. Mos¬cow: Mashinostroenie.
7. (1989) History of ancient world. Ed. by I.M. Diakov, V.D. Nerovnaya, I.S. Sventsitsky. Book 2: Onset of ancient societies. Ed. by I.S. Sventsitsky. Moscow: Nauka.
8. Maryon, H. (1949) Metal working in the ancient world. Amer. J. Archeol., 2, 93–125.
9. Dochvar, A.A. (1945) Metals science. Moscow-Leningrad: Metallurgizdat.
10. Beckert, M. (1980) World of metal. Moscow: Mir.
11. Moshkova, M.G., Ryndina, N.V. (1975) Sarmat mirrors of the Volga and Ural regions (chemical-technological examination). In: Outlines of technology of most ancient productions. Moscow: Nauka.
12. (1984) Museum of historical jewellery of Ukr. SSR. Kiev: Mystetstvo.
13. Tysyachna, N. (2004) Gold evolution of Ukraine. Den, 94, 8.
14. Maryon, H. (1938) The technical methods of the Irish smith in the bronze and early iron ages. Proc. of Royal Irish Acad., 3, 181–225.
15. Kornienko, A.N. (1996) Origin of first methods of welding. Avtomatich. Svarka, 1, 53–57.
16. Suprunenko, O.B., Kulakova, I.M., Mironenko, K.M. et al. (2004) Ancient sites of Kremenchuk. Archeological momuments at the territory of the city and its outskirts. Poltava: VTs Arkheologiya.
17. Gzelishvili, I.A. (1964) Iron smelting in Ancient Georgia. Tbilisi: Sakartvelo.
18. Avdusin, D.A. (1967) Archeology of the USSR. Moscow: Nauka.
19. Gejdova, D., Dudik, Ya., Kibalova, L. et al. (1982) Big illustrated encyclopedia of antiquities. Praga: Artia.
