| 2004 №03 (09) | 2004 №03 (02) |
The Paton Welding Journal, 2004, #3, 2-6 pages
Problems of selection of weldable steel for high-temperature components of TPS power units (Review)
V.Yu. Skulsky, A.K. Tsaryuk
E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of the NASU 11 Kazymyr Malevych Str., 03150, Kyiv, Ukraine.Abstract
The paper deals with the features of technical "re-equipment" of power units of thermal power stations over the last 20 years. Advances in this field were made possible by development and application of new complex-alloyed heat-resistant steels with a higher chromium content. Alloying influence on phase composition, corrosion resistance, ageing processes, long-term strength and weldability of new high-chromium heat-resistant steels has been analyzed.
Keywords: thermal power engineering, efficiency, supercritical steam parameters, heat-resistant steels, alloying, longterm strength, austenitic steels, steel with 9 % Cr
References
1. Olkhovsky, G. (1999) Technology for thermal power stations. Gazoturbinnye Tekhnologii, 2, 4−7.2. Nakicenivic, N., Raihi, K. (2002) An assessment of technological change report across selected energy scenarios. In: Report of Int. Inst, for applied systems analysis, May.
3. Gastajger, G., Stamatelopoulos, G.-N. (2002) Coal power stations − current level of engineering and prospects for development in the future. Chyom. Metally, 10, 26-35.
4. Shvets, I.T., Tolubansky, V.I., Bukshpun, I.D. et al. (1971) Power engineering. Kiev: Vyshcha Shkola.
5. Etkins, P. (1987) Order and disorder in nature. Moscow: Mir.
6. The success of new material. Mannesmann Rohr. Report. Issue S28 /29.
7. Adam, W., Mischok, W., Welinitz, G. et al. (1994) Welding of new types of steel for power plant construction. In: Proc, of Conf, on Welding and Cutting, Bremen, Sept. 28-30, 1994.
8. Arnswald, W., Kempkes, B., Wellmitz, G. et al. (1994) Current and future use of the 9 % Cr steel KhlOCrMoVNb91 for power plant applications. VGB Kraftwerkstechnik, 73(3), 203-208.
9. Hennhoffer, K., Jakobova, A. (1999) Properties of welded joints in 9 % Cr creep resistant steel. Zvaranie-Svarovani, 48(11), 106-108.
10. Zeman, M., Brozda, J., Pasternak, J. (1999) Ocena spawalnosci stali HSM12A przeznaczenej na elementy kotlow energetycznych pracujace przy parametrach nadkrytychnych. Przeglad Spawalnictwa, 71(6), 1−7.
11. Bendick, W., Haarmann, K., Richter, H. (1993) Die Anwendung austenitischer Rohrwerkstoffe im Kraftwerksbau. VGB Kraftwerkstechnick, 73(12), 1062−1069,
12. Bendick, W., Ullmann, K., Harmann, K. et al. (1994) Use of P91 in Europe and overseas. In: Proc, of ASME Joint Int. Power Generation Conf., Phoenix, Az., Oct. 2−6, 1994. ASME.
13. Haarmann, K. (1995) New material grades for tubing and piping as replacement of T22 and P22. In: Power-Gen’95. Asia: Mannesmann Workshop, Singapore, Sept. 29, 1995.
14. Chepkin, V.M., Marchukov, E.Yu., Kuprik, V.V. et al. (1999) Organisation of combustion in low-emission combustion chamber GTU AL-13ST. Gazoturbinnye Tekhnologii, 2, 14−17.
15. Schubert, J., Ulrichs, K., Scholler, H. (1997) Weldability of heterogeneous joints between the cast steel GX12CrMoWVNblO-ll and low-alloyed steels. Schweissen&Schneiden, 9, 688−690.
16. German, S.I. (1963) Electric arc welding of pearlitic heatresistant steels. Moscow: Mashgiz.
17. Zemzin, V.N., Frenkel, L.D. (1962) Welded structures of vapor and gas turbines. Moscow: Mashgiz.
18. (1993) ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. Section IX.
19. Hahn, B., Baumhoff, V., Peters, K. et al. (1997) Einsatz des Stahles X10CrMoVNb91 im Rahmen von Anlagenertuechtigungen. VGB Kraftwerkstechnik, 77(3), 214-220.
20. (1967) Manual on electric arc welding of tubes from carbon and low-alloy steels. Moscow: Orgenergostroj.
21. Petrov, G.L., Zemzin, V.N., Gonserovsky, F.G. (1963) Welding of refractory stainless steels. Moscow: Mashgiz.
22. Smit, M.K. (1962) Principles of physics of metals. Moscow: Metallurgizdat.
23. Honeycomb, P. (1972) Plastic deformation of metals. Moscow: Mir.
24. Josefsson, B., Nilsson, J.-O., Wilson, A. (1991) Phase transformation in duplex stainless steels and relation between continuous cooling and isothermal treatment. In: Proc, of Int. Conf, on Duplex Stainless Steels’91, Baunne, Bourgogne, Oct. 28−30, 1991.
25. Guttmann, M. (1991) Intermediate temperature aging of duplex stainless steels. Ibid.
26. Rejaimia, A., Metauer, G., Guantois, M. (1991) Decomposition of delta-ferrite in a Fe-22Cr-5Ni-3Mo-0.03C duplex stainless steel. A morphological and structural study. Ibid.
27. Koukal, J., Schwarz, D. (1998) Welding of steels for power engineering. Zvaranie, 6, 2−5.
28. Irving, B. (2001) Welding offers utilities answer about new chrome-moly steel. Welding J., 80(9), 40−44.
29. Irving, B. (1991) A promising Cr-Mo steel returns to American shores. Welding J., 70(12), 35−40.
30. Kawasaki, H., Toyooka, T., Kimura, M. (2001) High performance tube and pipe contributing to preservation of the global environment. Kawasaki Steel Tech. Rep., 44, 92−101.
31. Bellanca, Ch., Infield, J., Zschau, M. et al. (1992) Experience with installation of new P91 secondary superheater outlet headers. In: Reprint from PVP. Vol. 230. Stress classification, robust methods and elevated temperature design. Book G00665. Ed. by C. Bechtiv, et al. ASTM.
32. Zschau, M., Niederhoff, K. (1994) Construction of piping systems in the new steel P91 including hot induction bends. VGB Kraftwerkstechnik, 74(2), 142−149.
33. Bergquist, E.-L. (1999) Consumables and welding modified 9Cr-lMo steel. Svetsaren, 54(1/2), 22−25.