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Electrometallurgy Today, 2026, №03

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2026 №03 (02) 2026 №03 (04)

Electrometallurgy Today 2026 №03


"Suchasna Elektrometallurgiya" (Electrometallurgy Today), 2026, #3, 19-23 pages

Experimental studies of the cooling dynamics of the metal pool during electroslag remelting

I.V. Protokovilov, V.B. Porokhonko, D.A. Petrov

E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of the NAS of Ukraine 11 Kazymyr Malevych Str., 03150, Kyiv, Ukraine. E-mail: lab38@paton.kiev.ua

Abstract
The results of experimental studies on the dynamics of the change in the temperature and depth of the liquid metal pool during electroslag remelting under conditions of reduced or switched-off voltage at the pool are presented. The investigations were carried out during the melting of carbon steel ingots in water-cooled copper molds with diameters of 85, 125, and 220 mm. Dependencies of the pool depth and temperature on cooling time were established for different ingot diameters and their cooling regimes. The profiles of the metal pool for ingots of the specified diameters were determined by preparing longitudinal macrosections. The obtained experimental data can be used for the verification of mathematical modeling results and for the development of electroslag remelting modes for steels and alloys. 9 Ref., 7 Fig.
Keywords: electroslag remelting, metal pool, temperature, pool depth

Received: 06.04.2026
Received in revised form: 30.04.2026
Accepted: 14.07.2026
Posted online: 24.07.2026

References

1. Halfa, H., Reda, A. (2015) Electroslag remelting of high technological steels. J. of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Eng., 3 , 444–457. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmmce.2015.36047
2. Holzgruber, W. (2016) Overview of 50 years of development in electroslag remelting in Austria. Berg Huettenmaenn Monatsh, 161 (Suppl 1), 2–11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00501-016-0468-4
3. Cao, H., Yang, W., Li, Yu. et al. (2025) Review on macrosegregation in electroslag remelting ingot. Steel Research Inter., 97, 631–645. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202500593
4. Bettoni, P., Biebricher, U., Franz, H. et al. (2014) Large ESR forging ingots and their quality in production. La Metallurgia Italiana, 10, 13–21
5. Yan, W., Zhang, Y., Chen, W., Li, J. (2020) Characteristics and formation tendency of freckle segregation in electroslag remelted bearing steel. Metals, 10(2), 246. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/met10020246
6. Zhao, X., Sun, Z., Xia, Z. et al. (2023) Morphology control of metal pool and eutectic carbides in electroslag remelted M2 HSS with an external axial static magnetic field. Metals, 13(5), 912. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/met13050912
7. Xing, Li, Zhouhua, Jiang, Xin, Geng et al. (2019) Numerical simulation of a new electroslag remelting technology with current conductive stationary mold. Applied Thermal Eng.,147, 736–746. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.10.086
8. Protokovilov, I., Shapovalov, V., Porokhonko V. (2021) Effect of layer-by-layer formation of ingot during electroslag remelting on the quality of its surface and solidification structure. Ironmaking & Steelmaking, 48(1), 62–68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2020.1731255
9. Protokovilov, I.V., Nazarchuk, A.T., Petrov, D.A., Porohonko, V.B. (2019) Features of structure formation in the precision alloy 29NK in ESR with a portion ingot formation. Sovremennaya Elektrometallurgiya, 1, 11–16. DOI: http://dx. doi.org/10.15407/sem2019.01.01
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Suggested Citation

I.V. Protokovilov, V.B. Porokhonko, D.A. Petrov (2026) Experimental studies of the cooling dynamics of the metal pool during electroslag remelting. Electrometallurgy Today, 03, 19-23.