Print

2011 №06 (05) 2011 №06 (07)

The Paton Welding Journal 2011 #06
The Paton Welding Journal, 2011, #6, 33-36 pages  

WELDING FUME - FACTORS OF INFLUENCE, PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND METHODS OF ANALYSIS (Review)

I.K. POKHODNYA, I.R. YAVDOSHCHIN and I.P. GUBENYA


E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute, NASU, Kiev, Ukraine
 
 
Abstract
Properties of welding fume, such as dispersion degree, morphology of particle and methods used to analyze physical properties and element composition of colid component of the welding fumes, are considered. Factors affecting emission of the welding fume are presented.
 
 
Keywords: arc welding; welding fume, morphology of particles, electrode coating, methods of analysis
 
 
Received:                ??.??.??
Published:               28.06.11
 
 
References
1. Pokhodnya, I.K. (1972) Gases in welds. Moscow: Mashinostroenie.
2. Yavdoshchin, I.R., Bulat, A.V., Shvachko, V.I. (1982) Influence of technological and metallurgical factors on hygienic indices of electrodes with rutile and ilmenite coatings. In: Proc. of All-Union Conf. on Welding Consumables (Oryol, Oct. 1979). Kiev.
3. Pokhodnya, I.K., Yavdoshchin, I.R., Bulat, A.V. et al. (1981) Sources of arrival of manganese and iron in welding aerosol. Avtomatich. Svarka, 3, 37-39.
4. Vojtkevich, V.G., Bezruk, L.I., Esaulenko, G.B. (1984) Electron-microscopic analysis of solid component of welding aerosols. Ibid., 6, 33-35.
5. Pokhodnya, I.K., Bulat, A.V., Yavdoshchin, I.R. (1986) Specifics of evaporation of sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium from welding slags containing titanium dioxide. Ibid., 3, 27-29.
6. (1990) Metallurgy of arc welding. Processes in arc and melting of electrodes. Ed. by I.K. Pokhodnya. Kiev: Naukova Dumka.
7. Volokova, N.N., Vojtkevich, V.G. (1991) Neurotoxicity and physico-chemical properties of aerosols of complex composition condensation. In: Dynamic processes in complex organized systems. Moscow: IFTP of RAS.
8. Voitkevich, V. (1995) Welding fumes: formation, properties and biological effects. Cambridge: Abington Publ.
9. (2004) Metallurgy of arc welding. Interaction of metals with gases. Ed. by I.K. Pokhodnya. Kiev: Naukova Dumka.
10. Zimmer, A.E. (2002) The influence of metallurgy on the formation of welding aerosols. J. Environ. Monitoring, 4, 628-632.
11. Jenkins, N.T., Pierce, W.M.G., Eagar, T.W. (2005) Particle size distribution of gas metal and flux cored arc welding fumes. Welding J., 84, 156-163.
12. Sowards, J.W., Lippold, J.C., Dickinson, D.W. et al. (2008) Characterization of welding fume from SMAW electrodes. Pt 1. Ibid., 4, 106-112.
13. Sowards, J.W., Lippold, J.C., Dickinson, D.W. et al. (2010) Characterization of welding fume from SMAW electrodes. Pt 2. Ibid., 4, 82-89.
14. Berlinger, B., Benker, N., Weinbruch, S. et al. (2010) Physicochemical characterization of different welding aerosols. Analyt. and Bioanalyt. Chemistry, 10, 1773-1789.
15. Jenkins, N.T., Eager, T.W. (2005) Chemical analysis of welding fume particle. Welding J., 6, 87-93.
16. Gonser, M.J., Lippold, J.C., Dickinson, D.W. et al. (2010) Characterization of welding fume generated by high-Mn consumables. Ibid., 2, 25-33.
17. Sterjovski, Z., Norrish, J., Monaghan, B.J. (2008) The effect of voltage and metal-transfer mode on particulate-fume size during the GMAW of plain-carbon steel. IIW Doc. VII-2092-08.
18. Quimby, B.J., Ulrich, G.D. (1999) Fume formation rates in gas metal arc welding. Welding J., 4, 142-149.
19. Griffiths, T. Silicate binders. Pat. 89304783 Appl. European 7. Int. Cl. B 23 K 335/365, B 22 C 1/18, C 04 B 12/04, C 01 B 33/32. Filled 11.05.89. Publ. 15.11.89.
20. Sowards, J.W., Lippold, J.C., Dickinson, D.W. et al. (2008) Characterization procedure for the analysis of arc welding fume. Welding J., 4, 76-83.
21. Sterjovski, Z., Drossier, J., de Thoisy, E. et al. (2006) An investigation of particulate weld fume generated from GMAW of plain carbon steel. Australasian Welding J., 51, 21-40.
22. Maynard, A.D., Ito, Y., Arslan, I. et al. (2004) Examining elemental surface enrichment in ultrafine aerosol particles using analytical scanning transmission electron microscopy. Aerosol Sci. and Technology, 38, 365-381.
23. Hoet, P.H.M., Brueske-Hohlfeld, I., Salata, O.V. (2004) Nanoparticles - know and unknown health risks. J. Nanobiotechnology, 2.
24. Raloff, J. (2010) Destination brain. Sci. News, 11.
25. Glushkova, A.V., Radilov, A.S., Rembovsky, V.R. (2007) Nanotechnologies and nanotoxicology - view of the problem. Toksikolog. Vestnik, 6, 4-8.
26. ISO 15011-1: Health and safety in welding and allied processes - Laboratory method for sampling fume and gases generated by arc welding. Pt 1: Determination of emission rate and sampling for analysis of particulate. 1st ed. 01.04.2002.