The Paton Welding Journal, 2001, #2, 25-32 pages
Acoustic emission of the welding arc (Review)
Yu.N. Lankin
E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of the NASU
11 Kazymyr Malevych Str., 03150, Kyiv, Ukraine.
Abstract
Issues concerning generation of acoustic emission in welding, its relationship with the welding process parameters and quality are considered. Possibilities of using acoustic emission for monitoring and automatic adjustment of the welding process are shown.
Keywords: acoustic emission of the arc, monitoring, diagnostics, control
References
1. Schlugc, H., Finkelburg, W. (1944) On the hissing of homogeneous carbon arc. Zeitschrift fur Physik, 122, 714-739.
2. Schlebeck, E., Lopp, Th. (1980) Der Schall als Informationstrager fur die Schweitechnik. Schweitechnik, 6, 260-263.
3. Pfeuffer, A. (1975) Brennschneiden in Huttenwerken. Schweiien und Schneiden, 12, 496-499.
4. Heidemann, W. (1977) Einge Fragen der Gehrshadigiing durch Liirm. Ibid., 11, 437-440.
5. Press, H. (1976) Messungen des Schallpegels und Massnahmen zum Oehorschutz beim Plasmaschneiden. Ibid., 2, 65-68.
6. Eichbauer, II., Schmidt, R. (1982) Larmund Rauchbelastung des Schweiers. Ibid., 11, 535-539.
7. Schlebeck, E. (1983) Akustische Verfahrcnsdiagnose an Prestumpfund Schmeltzschweiverfahren. Schweitechnik, 8, 340-343.
8. Erdmann-Jesnitzer, F., Feustel, E., Rehfeld, D. (1967) Akustische Untersuchungen am Schweiiichtbogen. Schweien und Schneiden, 3, 95-100.
9. Futamata, M. et al. (1986) Investigation on welding arc sound. Report 6. Permissible time of arc sound exposure from viewpoint of conservation of hearing acuity. IIW Doc. VIII-1337-86.
10. Arata, Y., Inoue, K., Futamata, M. et al. (1986) Investigation on welding arc sound. Report 1. Effect of welding method and welding condition on welding arc sound. IIW Doc. VIII-1340-86.
11. Arata, Y., Inoue, K., Futamata, M. et al. (1986) Investigation on welding arc sound. Report 2. Evaluation of hearing acuity and some characteristics of arc sound. IIW Doc. VIII-1341-86.
12. Arata, Y., Inoue, K., Futamata, M. et al. (1986) Investigation on welding arc sound. Report 3. Effect of current waveforms on TIG welding arc sound (I). IIW Doc. VIII-1342-86.
13. Arata, Y., Inoue, K., Futamata, M. et al. (1986) Investigation on welding arc sound. Report I. Vibration analysis of base metal during welding. IIW Doc. VIII-1343-86.
14. Arata, Y., Inoue, K., Futamata, M. et al. (1986) Investigation on welding arc sound. Report 5. Effect of current waveforms on TIG welding arc sound (II). IIW Doc. VIII- 1344-86.
15. Ilahn, O., Rostek, W., Buddle, E. (1985) Computer-aided analysis of sound emission in the welding and cutting tech¬nology. IIW Doc. 212-625-85.
16. Hahn, O., Rostek, W. (1986) Computer supported analysis and evaluation of emitted acoustic waves when stud welding with tip ignition. IIW Doc. 212-664-86.
17. Zhang, J.H., Wang, Q., Cui, II. et al. (1985) Study on arc sound in TIG and plasma welding processes and the possibility of its application in practice. IIW Doc. 212-610-85.
18. Saini, D., Floyd, S. (1998) An investigation of gas metal arc welding sound signature for on-line quality control. Welding.J., 4, 172-179.
19. Johnson, J.A., Carlson, N.M., Smartt, II.B. et al. (1991) Process control of GMAW: Sensing of metal transfer mode. Ibid., 91-99.
20. Schlebeck, E. (1983) Acoustic process diagnosis in flash and fusion welding processes. Schweiptechnik, 8, 340-343.
21. Manz, A. (1981) Welding arc sounds. Welding J., 5, 23-27.
22. Kaskinen, P., Mueller, G. (1986) Acoustic arc length control. Advances in welding science and technology. In: Proc, of Int. Conf, on Trends in Welding Research. Gatliburg.
23. Chawla, K.S., Norrich, J. (1992) Real time quality monitoring using analysis of the arc sound. In: Proc, of Ith Int. Conf, on Computer Technology in Welding, Cambridge, June. Abington: TWI.
24. Rostek, W. (1990) Investigations on the connection between welding process and airborne noise emission in gas shielded metal arc welding. Schweipen und Schneiden, 6, 96-98, 289–292.
25. Buddc, L. (1991) Analysis and evaluation of sound emission in the welding and cutting technology. ASME, St, 245-250.
26. Inoue, K., Takahashi, Y., Zhang, J. (1993) Measurement of arc sound with burnthrough in MAG welding. Welding Int., 10, 770-775.
27. Futamata, M. (1991) Welding process monitoring by arc sound. In: Proc, of Techn. Commission on Welding Process ofJWS.
28. Lebedev, A.V. (1991) Computer-aided control of melting and metal transfer in arc welding. Dr. Sci. (Eng.) Thesis. Kyiv: PWI.
29. Barborak, D., Richardson, R. (1994) Development of pool dynamics software for weld pool oscillation sensing. In: Proc, of 5th Int. Conf, on Computer Technology in Welding, Paris, June.
30. Pentegov, I.V. (1976) Mathematical model of the dynamic electric arc column. Avtomaticheskaya Svarka, 6, 8 - 12.
31. Pentegov, I.V., Sidorets, V.N. (1988) Energy parameters of the mathematical model of the dynamic welding arc. Ibid., 11,36-40.
32. Pentegov, I.V., Sidorets, V.N. (1992) Evaluation of intensity of sound of the electric welding arc. Ibid., 11/12, 28-31.
33. Skuchik, E. (1976) Fundamentals of acoustics. Moscow: Mir.
34. Taylor, K., Stroud, R.R., Harris, T.J. et al. (1994) The analysis of airborne acoustics of SAW using neural networks. In: Proc, of 5th Int. Conf, on Computer Technology in Welding, Paris, June.
35. Blumschein, E. (1994) Acoustic tuning versus predetermination of parameters for short arc welding. Ibid.
36. Chawla, K. (1993) Objective on line assessment of the performance of flux cored wires by real time computer based monitoring. Ph. Dr. Thesis, Cranfield Inst, of Technology, U.K.
37. Mao, Y.L. et al. (1993) Real time fast Fourier transform analysis of acoustic emission during CO, laser welding of materials. J. Laser Applications, 2, 3.
38. McCardle, J.R., Swallow, S.S., Stroud, R.R. et al. (1996) The use of arc sound and on line ultrasonic signal processing as a monitoring medium for welding. In: Proc, of 7th Int. Conf, on Computer Technology in Welding, Lanaken, Belgium, June.
39. Blumschein, E., Werner, Ch., Blumschein, J. et al. (1996) A concept for cognitive control of welding processes. Ibid.
Suggested Citation
Yu.N. Lankin (2001) Acoustic emission of the welding arc (Review).
The Paton Welding J., 02, 25-32.