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Сучасна електрометалургія, 2026, #3, 32-41 pages
Виробництво та рафінування металургійного кремнію до кремнію сонячної градації (Огляд)
Г.Г. Дідікін
ІЕЗ ім. Є.О. Патона НАН України. 03150, м. Київ, вул. Казимира Малевича, 11.
E-mail: didikin@paton-icebt.kiev.ua
Реферат
Дослідження рафінування кремнію MG–Si металургійними методами показують, що кожен метод є селективним при видаленні одного або невеликої групи домішкових елементів. Особлива увага приділяється чистоті кремнію за бором, вміст якого не повинен перевищувати 0,3 ppmw. Випаровування P або B є можливим, але найчастіше це повільний процес і може супроводжуватися втратою Si. Рафінування розчинниками довело свою ефективність у видаленні домішок, при цьому Al є підходящим легуючим посередником. Для того, щоб використовувати переваги металургійних методів обробки високої продуктивності та низької вартості, необхідно використовувати комбінації методів послідовно або одночасно, щоб отримати продукт, що відповідає кремнію сонячної градації SoG–Si. Домішки в MG–Si класифікують як сегрегаційні та нерозчинні. Однокислотне вилуговування видаляє тільки певні домішки. На практиці використовується послідовне або змішане кислотне вилуговування. Додавання окислювачів у кислі вилуговувачі збільшує ефективність видалення домішок. Зовнішні поля (ультрафіолетове випромінювання, ультразвукове поле та вилуговування під тиском кисню) або введення тріщин/пористих структур і термічна попередня обробка можуть покращити видалення домішок. При електронно-променевому переплаві металургійного кремнію відбувається очищення шляхом випаровування домішок-елементів з поверхні розплаву в вакуумі. Рафінування базується на проведенні процесу в високому вакуумі та відмінності пружності парів різних елементів-домішок, пружність парів яких вище пружності парів кремнію. Метод електронно-променевого переплаву металургійного кремнію сумісно з окислювальним рафінуванням дає можливість очищення до рівня 5…6 N. Бібліогр. 73, табл. 4, рис. 7.
Ключові слова: кремній металургійний, шлакова обробка, вилуговування, електронно-променева плавка, вакуумна дегазація, кремній сонячної градації, елементи-домішки, сегрегація
Отримано 15.12.2025
Отримано у переглянутому вигляді 09.02.2026
Затверджено до друку 14.07.2026
Розміщено онлайн 24.07.2026
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