Automatic Welding, 2025, №03

2025 №03 (08)

DOI of Article 10.37434/as2025.03.01

2025 №03 (02)

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"Avtomatychne Zvaryuvannya" (Automatic Welding), #3, 2024, pp. 3-9

Model of the anode layer of an electric arc with an evaporating anode

I.V. Krivtsun¹, A.I. Momot^1,2, I.B. Denysenko^1,3

¹E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of the NAS of Ukraine 11 Kazymyr Malevych Str., 03150, Kyiv, Ukraine. E-mail: momot.andriy@gmail.com
²Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. 64/13 Volodymyrska Str., 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine.
³V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. 4 Svobody Sq., 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine. E-mail: idenysenko@yahoo.com

A mathematical model of the anode layer of an arc with an evaporating anode in the convective mode is proposed. A system of differential equations is formulated to describe the spatial distributions of ion and atom densities, electron temperature, and heavy particle (atoms and ions) temperature of the plasma in the anode layer. To determine the corresponding boundary conditions, an approach is proposed for calculating plasma parameters at the boundaries of the anode layer with the gas-dynamic region (arc column) and with the space charge layer near the anode surface. This approach allows finding the concentrations and temperatures of plasma particles, its velocity and pressure at the boundaries of the anode layer both in the convective mode of anode metal evaporation and in the diffusive mode of evaporation (taking into account the diffusion velocity of metal vapor). Calculations were performed for three different anode metals: Fe, Cu, Al. The anode surface temperature at which the transition from diffusive to convective evaporation mode occurs was determined. 17 Ref., 1 Tabl., 4 Fig.
Keywords: anode layer, electric arc, mathematical model, evaporating anode, metal vapor, convective evaporation, diffusive evaporation


Received: 12.05.2025
Received in revised form: 20.05.2025
Accepted: 26.05.2025

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