Electrometallurgy Today, 2024, №04



2024 №04 (06)

DOI of Article 10.37434/sem2024.04.07

2024 №04 (08)

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Electrometallurgy Today (Suchasna Elektrometallurgiya), 2024, #4, 51-56 pages

Determination of the content of oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen impurities in germanium

R.V. Kozin, O.M. Kalinyuk, A.M. Kibkalo, M.M. Kalinyuk, S.G. Grygorenko

E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of the NAS of Ukraine 11 Kazymyr Malevych Str., 03150, Kyiv, Ukraine. E-mail: kosinrv@gmail.com

Abstract
Literature review of the methods of producing polycrystalline and monocrystalline germanium and determination of oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen contents in them is given. The main method of determination oxygen content in germanium is IR-spectroscopy, and for determination of hydrogen content it is reduction melting in a flow of carrier gas (nitrogen). Germanium does not react with carbon and gaseous nitrogen under the analysis conditions (temperatures of 750…2500 °C, pressure of gaseous nitrogen of ~1…3 at. %). Only the content of oxygen, dissolved in the matrix of germanium (optically active), can be determined by IR-spectroscopy. It is impossible to determine the content of oxygen bound in GeO2 by this method. Preparation of the sample for this method took ~ 1.5 …2.0 h. Time of analysis was ~ 30 min. Express method of determination oxygen content in germanium by reduction melting in a graphite crucible in a helium flow with preliminary elimination of the influence of surface contamination on the sample was developed: oxygen, dissolved in the matrix of germanium (optically active); oxygen bound in GeO2; oxygen optically active and bound in GeO2, which are determined during analysis of one sample. Sample preparation for this method took ~ 5…10 min. Time of analysis was from 40 to 120 s. Comparison of these methods with IR-spectroscopy is given. Method of determination of hydrogen content in germanium was developed. 19 Ref., 4 Tabl., 5 Fig.
Keywords: determination, germanium, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen

Received: 17.05.2024
Received in revised form:02.10.2024
Accepted: 07.11.2024

References

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