Automatic Welding, 2025, №04

2025 №04 (06)

2025 №04 (08)

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"Avtomatychne Zvaryuvannya" (Automatic Welding), #4, 2024, pp. 47-53

Electroslag welding of 09G2S steel of small thickness

P.I. Onyshchenko, S.M. Kozulin

E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of the NAS of Ukraine 11 Kazymyr Malevych Str., 03150, Kyiv, Ukraine. E-mail: pwi_37@ukr.net

УThe paper presents the results of studies of the possibility of obtaining a high-quality welded joint in ESW of 09G2S steel with a thickness of 20 mm using wires 1.6, 2.0 and 3.0 mm in diameter. The aim of the work is to develop a technology and technique for ESW of 20 mm thick metal that ensures process stability, high-quality weld formation and the required mechanical properties of welded joints. The main tasks of the work are: laboratory experimental studies to establish the modes and techniques of ESW in the conditions of a small cross-section of the joint; comparative assessment of the depth of base metal penetration and the cross-sectional areas of welds made by ESW with electrode wires of different diameters; study of macro- and microstructure of welded joints; measurement of hardness of the base metal and the weld and HAZ metal; determination of grain size in the characteristic areas of welded joints; testing of the weld and HAZ metal and base metal for impact bending. Modern welding equipment with an inverter power source and high-speed wire feed mechanisms allowed using a wire with a diameter of 1.6 mm, which enabled reducing the gap between the edges by 30% and increasing the welding speed by 1.5 times, lowering the specific linear energy from 162 kJ/cm2 to 109 kJ/cm2 and reducing the dimensions of the joint: of the weld area by 40%, and of the HAZ by 20%, compared to welding with a 3.0 mm wire. No defects were found as a result of metallographic studies of the joints. Analysis of the metal microstructure in the main areas of the joint showed that a homogeneous structure of acicular ferrite with polygonal ferrite areas and a hardness of 54...57 HRA is formed in the weld metal, and a bainitic structure with polygonal ferrite areas and a hardness of 54 to 57 HRA is formed in the HAZ metal. The use of higher alloyed wire grades increased the impact toughness of the weld metal by 55% (up to 120 J/cm²) (at +200 C°). 17 Ref., 4 Tabl., 10 Fig.
Keywords: low-alloy steel, electroslag welding, electrode wires, hardness, macrostructure, microstructure, grain size, impact toughness


Received: 14.05.2025
Received in revised form: 17.06.2025
Accepted: 25.07.2025

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