Automatic Welding, 2024, №05



2024 №05 (01)

DOI of Article 10.37434/as2024.05.02

2024 №05 (03)

---

Avtomaticheskaya Svarka (Automatic Welding), #5, 2024, pp. 11-24

Using the heredity effect for control of the structure of the deposited metal during electric arc surfacing with flux-cored wires (Review)

A.A. Babinets

E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of the NASU. 11 Kazymyr Malevych Str., 03150, Kyiv, Ukraine. E-mail: a_babinets@ukr.net

Modern views on the relationship between structure and properties in steels and alloys are considered. It is shown that a promising method of influencing the structure and properties of the deposited metal is the use of the heredity effect - the transfer of properties from the initial charge materials to the finished products. A detailed classification of the types of heredity is given according to its manifestations in steels and alloys, which can be divided into three main interrelated groups - metallurgical, structural and technological. It is shown that from the point of view of the influence of charge materials on the structure and properties of finished parts, heredity can be considered both positive and negative. The main factors affecting the degree of manifestation of the effect of structural heredity in steels and alloys are defined and described. Such factors include: chemical composition and degree of doping with chemical elements; degree of defectiveness of the original structure; size, shape and structure of the initial charge materials; use of modifying additives or external physical influences. The main problems and prospects of using the heredity effect in electric arc surfacing are described. The main directions that will allow controlling the structure and properties of the deposited metal by influencing the degree of manifestation of the heredity effect in it have been determined. The most promising are methods of control by changing the initial parameters of charge materials, as well as by means of regulation of heat input due to technological or physical influences. The use of the heredity effect in various surfacing methods can provide a significant impact due to obtaining the optimal structure of the deposited metal and the absence of harmful impurities in it. 38 Ref., 1 Tabl., 7 Fig.
Keywords: arc surfacing, deposited metal, flux-cored wire, heredity, structure, operational properties


Received: 27.05.2024
Received in revised form: 30.07.2024
Accepted: 09.10.2024

References

1. Ryabtsev, I., Fomichov, S., Kuznetsov, V., Chvertko, Ye., Banin, A. (2023) Surfacing and additive technologies in welded fabrication. Springer Nature Switzerland AG. ISBN 978-3-031-34390-2. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34390-2
2. Ryabtsev, I.A., Kuskov, Yu.M., Pereplyotchikov, E.F., Babinets, A.A. (2021) Surfacing. Control of base metal penetration and formation of deposited layers. Kyiv, Interservice [in Russian].
3. Babinets, A.A., Ryabtsev, I.O. (2021) Influence of modification and microalloying on deposited metal structure and properties (Review). The Paton Welding J., 10, 3-10. https://doi.org/10.37434/tpwj2021.10.01
4. Ryabtsev, I.A. (2006) Structural heredity in the initial materials - metal melt - solid metal system (Review). The Paton Welding J., 11, 8-12.
5. Ryabtsev, I.A., Pereplyotchikov, E.F., Mits, I.V., Bartenev, I.A. (2007) Effect of initial structure and particle size composition of powder on structure of metal 10R6M5 deposited by the plasma-powder cladding method. The Paton Welding J., 10, 18-22.
6. Ryabtsev, I.A., Kondratiev, I.A., Gadzyra, N.F. et al. (2009) Effect of ultra-dispersed carbides contained in flux-cored wires on properties of heat-resistant deposited metal. The Paton Welding J., 6, 10-13.
7. Luchkyn, V.S., Tuboltsev, L.H., Padun, N.Y., Korchenko, V.P., Shevchenko, A.M. (2008) Structural characteristics of heredity of liquid cast irons and steels. Fundamentalni ta Prykladni Problemy Chornoy metalurgii, 18, 122-137 [in Russian].
8. Janerka, K., Jezierski, J., Bartocha, D., Szajnar, J. (2012) Heredity of the structure and properties of grey cast iron melted on a basis of steel scrap. Advanced Materials Research, 622-623, 685-689. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.622-623.685
9. Kutsova, V.Z., Kovzel, M.A., Nosko, O.A. (2007) Phase transformations in special alloyed steels. Dnipropetrovsk, NMetAU [in Ukrainian].
10. Kondratyuk, S.Ie., Prymak, I.N., Shchehlov, V.M., Pliakhtur, O.O. (2009) Inheritance of the structure and manifestations of liquation during remelting of R6M5 steel. Metaloznavstvo ta Obrobka Metaliv, 3, 3-10 [in Ukrainian].
11. Gubenko, A.Ja. (1991) Influence of the initial structural state of the melt on the properties of alloys. Litejnoe Proizvodstvo, 4, 19-20 [in Russian].
12. Kondratyuk, S.Ie., Stoianova, O.M., Pliakhtur,O.O. (2012) The structural heredity of steels is related to the disbalance and and structural heredity of the charge materials. Metaloznavstvo ta Obrobka Metaliv, 1, 3-9 [in Ukrainian].
13. Bokshtejn, S.Z., Bernshtejn, M.L. (1971) Structure and properties of metal alloys. Moscow, Metallurgiya [in Russian].
14. Kondratyuk, S., Veis, V., Parkhomchuk, Z. (2019) Structure formation and properties of overheated steel depending on thermokinetic parameters of crystallization. J. of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, 97(2), 49-56. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.8537
15. D'yachenko, S.S. (2000) Heredity in phase transformations: Mechanism of the phenomenon and effect on the properties. Metal Sci. and Heat Treatment, 42(4), 122-127. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02471324
16. Meshkov, Yu.Ya., Pereloma, E.V. (2012) The effect of heating rate on reverse transformations in steels and Fe-Ni-based alloys. Phase Transformations in Steels, 1, 581-618. https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857096104.4.581
17. Timofeev, G.V. (2012) Structural heredity in rolled large sections from continuously cast billets. Fundamentalni ta Prykladni Problemy Chornoy Metalurgii, 25, 192-198 [in Russian].
18. Romaniv, O.N., Tkach, A.N., Vol'demarov, A.V. (1980) Method of complex improvement of the mechanical properties of low-tempered structural steels. Materials Science, 15, 373-378. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00720461
19. Garasym, J. A., Bondarevskaya, N. A., Teliovich, R. V. et al. (2021) Influence of high-speed heat-setting on armor resistance of high-strength sheet metal of protective purpose. Metallofiz. Noveishie Tekhnol., 43(9), 1235-1246.) [in Ukrainian] https://doi.org/10.15407/mfint.43.09.1235
20. Delin, H., Zhang, F., Dingqiang, L., Yan, C. (1994) Re-investigation of austenite grain boundary inheritance in alloy steel. Heat Treatment of Metals, 1, 27-32, 50.
21. Ding, F., Guo, Q., Hu, B., Luo, H. (2022) Influence of softening annealing on microstructural heredity and mechanical properties of medium-Mn steel. Microstructures, 2(2), 2022009. https://doi.org/10.20517/microstructures.2022.01
22. Yang, D.P., Du, P.J., Wu, D., Yi, H.L. (2021) The microstructure evolution and tensile properties of medium-Mn steel heat-treated by a two-step annealing process. J. Mater. Sci. and Technol., 75, 205-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2020.10.032
23. Dang, S.-E., He, Y., Liu, Y., Su, Z.-N. (2014) Structural heredity of 30Cr2Ni4MoV steel. Transact. of Materials and Heat Treatment, S2, 61-65.
24. Volkov, G.V. (2011) Structural heredity in alloys after electrohydropulse treatment in the liquid state. Naukovi Notatky, 31, 56-62 [in Russian].
25. Tret'jakova, E.E., Rovbo, M.V., Hakimov, O.P., Churkin, V.S. (1991) Influence of the initial structure of cast irons on the surface tension of their melts. Litejnoe Proizvodstvo, 4, 11-12 [in Russian].
26. Movchan, B.A. (1970) Crystallite boundaries in cast metals and alloys. Kyiv, Tekhnika [in Russian].
27. Kondratyuk, S., Veis, V., Parkhomchuk, Z. (2020) The effect of thermal treatment of the melt before crystallization on the structure and properties of castings. Archives of Materials Science and Engineering, 104(1), 23-29. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.3866
28. Kondratyuk, S.E., Stojanova E.N., Shheglov V.M., Primak I.N., Parhomchuk Zh.V. (2013) Hereditary modification of steels with dispersed structured charge components. Procesy Lyttya, 2, 19-23. [in Russian].
29. Heath, G. (2006) Nanotechnology and Welding - Actual and possible future applications. Proceedings of the Castolin-Eutectic Seminar, 25 Oct 2006. Brussels, Belgium, 25-35.
30. Klimpel, A., Kik, T. (2008) Erosion and abrasion wear resistance of GMA wire surfaced nanostructural deposits. Archives of Mater. Sci. and Engin., 2, 121-124.
31. Kondratiev, I.A. (2015) Flux cored wire filled with granular alloy. Surfacing. Technologies, materials, equipment. Kyiv, PWI, 53-54 [in Russian].
32. Hu, Y., Chen, W., Han, H., Bai, R. (2016) Effect of cooling rate after finish rolling on heredity in microstructure and mechanical properties of 60Si2MnA spring steel. Metallurgical Research & Technology, 113(5), 508. https://doi.org/10.1051/metal/2016024
33. Peng, K., Yang, C., Lin, S., Fan, C. (2017) Effect of arc distance on HAZ thermal cycles and microstructural evolution 10CrNi3MoV steel. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., 90, 3387-3395. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-016-9639-4
34. Arora, K.S., Pandu, S.R., Shajan, N., Pathak, P., Shome, M. (2018) Microstructure and impact toughness of reheated coarse grain heat affected zones of API X65 and API X80 linepipe steels. Int. J. of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 163, 36-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2018.04.004
35. Lu, H., Xing, S., Chen, Z., Ma, Y., Li, Z. (2014) Microstructure and properties of GMAW multipass welding of Q-T high strength steel Q690D. Heat Treatment of Metals, 39(10), 120-124. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2014.10.031
36. Lu, X., Cen, Y., Wang, H., Wu, M. (2013) Structure and mechanical properties on DH40 ship building steel joints by multi-layer and multi-pass welding technology. Transact. China Weld. Inst., 34(2), 79-83.
37. Kirian, V.I., Kajdalov, A.A., Novikova, D.P., Bogajchuk, I.L., Kesners, M. (2007) Improvement of welded joint structure under the impact of wideband ultrasonic vibrations during welding. The Paton Welding J., 2, 38-40.
38. Pokhmurskaya, G.V., Student, M.M., Vojtovich, A.A., Student, A.Z., Dzyubik, A.R. (2016) Influence of high-frequency mechanical vibrations of the item on structure and wear resistance of Kh10R4G2S deposited metal. The Paton Welding J., 10, 20-25. https://doi.org/10.15407/tpwj2016.10.04

---

Advertising in this issue:

---