| 2026 №03 (07) |
DOI of Article 10.37434/as2026.03.01 |
2026 №03 (02) |
"Avtomatychne Zvaryuvannya" (Automatic Welding), #3, 2026, pp. 3-10
Gas saturation of high-alloyed welding metal during wet underwater welding of duplex steels in salt water
G.V. Fadeeva1
, S.Yu. Maksymov1, Jia Chuanbao2, D.V. Vasiliev1, A.A. Radziyevska1, Han Yanfei2
1E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of the NAS of Ukraine
11 Kazymyr Malevych Str., 03150, Kyiv, Ukraine.
Е-mail: maksimov@paton.kiev.ua
2Institute of Materials Joining, Shandong University. Е-mail: jiachuanbao@sdu.edu.cn
The factors that most influence the gas saturation of the deposited metal during wet underwater welding are analyzed. It is shown that the oxygen and hydrogen content in the deposited metal depends on the potential content of gases introduced by electrode materials and the base metal, and on the process of dissociation of water vapor in the vapor-gas bubble, as well as the salinity of the water. Compared to welding in fresh water, with an increase in water salinity to 30 ‰, the hydrogen content decreases and the oxygen content increases. Further, with an increase in water salinity to 40 ‰, the hydrogen content in the deposited metal increases again, and the oxygen content decreases both in reverse and direct current welding. This dependence is more significant when welding with reverse polarity of direct current. The highest hydrogen content is observed when welded in fresh water and water with a salinity of 40 ‰. In terms of oxygen content, on the contrary, the lowest value in the deposited metal was obtained when welded in fresh water and water with a salinity of 40 ‰. The oxidizing potential of the aqueous medium is more than 2 times higher than its value during welding in air. The hydrogen content during wet underwater welding is also 2...2.5 times higher than during welding in air. 18 Ref. , 4 Tabl., 3 Fig.
Keywords: duplex steels, wet underwater welding, high-alloyed weld metal, gas saturation, hydrogen and oxygen content, water vapor dissociation, water salinity, coated electrode, DC polarity
Received: 07.11.2025
Received in revised form: 23.01.2026
Accepted: 14.05.2026
Posted online 20.05.2026
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Suggested Citation
G.V. Fadeeva, S.Yu. Maksymov, Jia Chuanbao, D.V. Vasiliev, A.A. Radziyevska, Han Yanfei (2026) Gas saturation of high-alloyed welding metal during wet underwater welding of duplex steels in salt water. Automatic Welding, 03, 3-10. https://doi.org/10.37434/as2026.03.01Advertising in this issue:
