| 2026 №04 (04) | 2026 №04 (06) |
"Avtomatychne Zvaryuvannya" (Automatic Welding), #4, 2026, pp. 45-55
Influence of arc 3D printing parameters on the mechanical properties of INCONEL 625 cladding metal
S.I. Motrunich1
, O.V. Yarovytsyn1, I.R. Volosatov1, D.S. Tomko2, Ji Junwen2,3
1E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of the NAS of Ukraine
11 Kazymyr Malevych Str., 03150, Kyiv, Ukraine.
E-mail: motrunich@nas.gov.ua
2National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute». 37 Beresteysky Ave., 03056, Kyiv, Ukraine.
3Technical University of Munich. 21, Arcisstraße 21, Munich, Bavaria, 80333, Germany.
The influence of wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process parameters using consumable wire electrode in shielding gas environment on the mechanical properties of multi-layer deposited metal of nickel-based superalloy Inconel 625 in the «asbuilt » structural condition in the temperature range of 20…1100 °C was investigated. Full-size cylindrical specimens Ø5×M10 at 20 °C and miniature flat proportional specimens with a working part cross-section of 2.5×2.5 mm at 20…1100 °C were manufactured and tested from a fabricated wall-type vertical structure. Results of metallographic investigations performed by scanning electron microscopy are presented, showing the features of columnar dendritic structure and morphology of secondary phases in different zones of the fabricated component. The deformation capacity of the obtained deposited metal of Inconel 625 alloy is analyzed from the viewpoint of the known increased resistance of this alloy to two subtypes of hot cracks by the «solidstate cracking» mechanism. It is shown that the transition from Ar shielding gas to a mixture of 97.5 % Ar + 2.5 % CO₂ when using WAAM additive technology in the temperature range of 600…900 °C significantly reduces the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and ductility values for the obtained deposited metal of Inconel 625 alloy, particularly at a temperature of 800 °C – approximately by a factor of 1.5. For Inconel 625 alloy, a comparative analysis of experimental data on short-term strength for metal deposited by WAAM additive technology and corresponding published data for industrial semi-finished products manufactured by traditional technologies was performed. 21 Ref., 6 Tabl., 8 Fig.
Keywords: wire arc additive manufacturing, WAAM, Inconel 625, nickel-based superalloy, mechanical properties, elevated temperatures, solid-state cracking, shielding gas, microstructure
Received: 13.10.2025
Received in revised form: 12.05.2026
Accepted: 20.07.2026
Posted online: 24.07.2026
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