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PATON B.E. MODERN TRENDS TOWARD INCREASE IN STRENGTH AND LIFE OF WELDED STRUCTURES | 2 |
| The set of topical problems associated with fabrication of high-efficiency welded structures, increase in their strength and reliability and extension of their life is presented. The importance of improvement of scientific approaches to design of welded joints is shown. Consideration is given to issues related to evaluation of performance of main and process pipelines and effect of plastic deformation on fracture toughness of pipe steels. Results of investigations aimed at development of methods for improvement of fatigue resistance of welded joints and fatigue crack arresting are presented. The demand for a wider application of high-strength steels is noted. Capabilities of the acoustic emission and optical holography methods in terms of using them for diagnostics of welded structures are considered. | |
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ALYOSHIN N.P. and GORNAYA S.P. NEW APPROACH TO THE TECHNOLOGY OF ULTRASONIC TESTING OF COARSE-GRAINED MATERIALS |
8 |
| The paper describes the solution of the problem of construction of an acousto-solidification model of coarse-grained materials, allowing for the features of structure formation, geometrical and energy factors of ultrasonic waves attenuation. Analytical dependencies were derived, a program was prepared and some results of calculation of the passage and scattering of all types of US waves are given. A conclusion is made on the need to take into account the actual geometry and energy of the US beam for a correct interpretation of the results of UT of the objects from materials of the above type. | |
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GARF E.F. and NETREBSKY M.A. ASSESSMENT OF THE STRENGTH AND RESIDUAL LIFE OF PIPELINES WITH EROSION-CORROSION DAMAGE |
13 |
| The urgency of the considered problem for nuclear and thermal power generation industry, is noted. It is shown that the codes now in force permit the pipeline wall thinning by 15 % of the design thickness, which, in a number of cases leads to a significant lowering of the structure reliability and can cause fracture. Introduction of a restriction not only on the wall thinning values, but also on the main dimensions of the thinning zone, is substantiated. | |
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HEROLD H. and WOYWODE N. ELIMINATION OF CRACKS IN STEEL STRUCTURES USING DESIGN-TECHNOLOGICAL MEASURES |
19 |
| Numerous open and closed cracks were detected in thick-walled welded elements of span structures of a metallurgical workshop made from increased-strength steel plates 11-45 mm thick. Cracks were registered also in welds between shafts and drum bases of a belt conveyer. Explanations of formation of this type of defects are given. Design-technological measures are suggested for elimination of such cracks. | |
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GORYNIN I.V., ILJIN A.V., LEONOV V.P. and MALYSHEVSKY V.A. DESIGN-TECHNOLOGICAL STRENGTH OF WELDED JOINTS OF OFF-SHORE STRUCTURES |
26 |
| Problems of assurance of reliability of off-shore engineering structures, which cover a wide range of spheres, are considered. Optimum results are obtained at a constant allowance for a real technology during the process of the structure fabrication. Approaches are described for the selection of materials, a system of safety factors, design of connections and recommendations for additional technological procedures, justification of requirements to the quality of welded joints, improvement of methods of assessment of a brittle strength and a cyclic life. | |
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DVORETSKY V.I. EVALUATION OF RESIDUAL LIFE OF LOAD-CARRYING WELDED STRUCTURES AND EXTENSION OF THEIR SERVICE LIFE |
34 |
| It is shown that service life of welded structures can be extended using safety factors allowed for in design of these structures and based on differences in their actual operating time and assigned life time. The method is suggested to reveal the above safety factors in order to estimate residual life of the structures on the basis of main design parameters affecting it. | |
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ZUBCHENKO A.S., VASILCHENKO G.S. and DRAGUNOV Yu.G. APPLICATION OF LEAK-BEFORE-BREAK CONCEPT FOR PROVISION OF THE SAFETY OF WWER-1000 TYPE REACTORS |
39 |
| A program of R&D on substantiation of applicability of leak-before-break concept to nuclear reactor piping has been outlined and fulfilled. J-R curves measured on full-scale samples cut out of a welded pipe with the working cross-section of 70 by 250 mm with through-thickness and semi-elliptical cracks in the circumferential weld metal were compared with similar curves derived on ST-1T compact samples. It is found that the parameters of plastic fracture toughness measured on ST-1T samples are characterised by a higher level of reliability compared to those of full-scale samples. | |
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ZUBCHENKO A.S., KHARINA I.L., RUNOV A.E. and MAKHANEV V.O. CORROSION-MECHANICAL STRENGTH OF WELDED PIPING OF AUSTENITIC STEELS OF RBMK REACTORS |
45 |
| Corrosion-mechanical strength of welded piping of nuclear reactors equipment of 08Kh18N10T austenitic steel is considered. Numerous circular and axial crack-like defects were detected, which initiate and propagate by the mechanism of intercrystalline stress corrosion cracking. It is found that the main factors which determine the incubation period and intensity of welded joint damage are the level and nature of distribution of residual welding and service stresses, presence of the zones of plastically deformed metal and composition of the medium which is in contact with the inner surface of the piping. | |
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KRASOVSKY A.Ya. and ORYNYAK I.V. ASSESSMENT OF RESIDUAL LIFE OF WELDS IN PIPINGS OF THE FIRST LOOP OF NUCLEAR POWER STATIONS DAMAGED BY INTERCRYSTALLINE CORROSION |
54 |
| Considered are the methodological principles of comprehensive estimation of strength and residual life of spatial piping systems containing cracks. The method suggested consists of such components as global stressed-strained state of a piping allowing for all affecting force factors, allowance for residual welding stresses, calculation of stress intensity factors, prediction of stable forms of development of fatigue cracks and intercrystalline corrosion, estimation of actual residual life of a piping containing defects and prediction of conditions causing leak to fracture. | |
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KRIVOSHEEV P.I. PROBLEMS REGARDING WELDED STRUCTURES OF THE "SHELTER" OBJECT AT THE CHORNOBYL NUCLEAR POWER STATION |
62 |
| Problems with structures in the "Shelter" object at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Station (ChNPS) are outlined. The most important measures intended for implementation of the strategy of stabilization of the "Shelter" object are indicated. They are based on building of the new and reinforcement of existing metal structures by making an extensive use of welding. The experience gained will be applied for further work aimed at long-term stabilization of the "Shelter" object. | |
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KNYSH V.V. DETERMINATION OF CYCLIC LIFE OF STRUCTURE ELEMENTS IN ARRESTING FATIGUE CRACKS |
69 |
| Method of calculated determination of a cyclic life of structure elements with propagating fatigue cracks at their arresting by an artificially-induced field of residual compressive stresses ahead of tips of these cracks has been developed on the basis of approaches of fracture mechanics. | |
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LOBANOV L.M., PIVTORAK V.A. and KUVSHINSKY N.G. DIAGNOSTICS OF STRUCTURES OF METALLIC AND COMPOSITE MATERIALS USING HOLOGRAPHY, ELECTRON SPECKLE-INTERFEROMETRY AND SHEAROGRAPHY |
72 |
| Results of application of methods of holographic interferometry, electron speckle-interferometry and shearography for nondestructive quality control and determination of residual stresses in elements and members of the welded and adhesion-bonded structures made of metallic and nonmetallic materials are presented. To make diagnostics of structures, the compact holographic schemes and devices have been designed and manufactured with the help of which the local fields of displacements and deformations in the zones of defects and relaxation of residual stresses are recorded. Examples of diagnostics of aircraft and machine-building structures using the holographic interferometry, electron speckle-interferometry and shearography are given. | |
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MAKHNENKO V.I. and MAKHNENKO O.V. DEVELOPMENT OF CALCULATION PROCEDURES FOR ASSESSMENT OF ALLOWABLE DEFECTS IN WELDED JOINTS OF CRITICAL STRUCTURES |
79 |
| Algorithms of assessment of allowable defects in welded joints of the critical structures are considered on the basis of a well-known concept "fitness-for-purpose", developed by the International Institute of Welding and advanced approaches of fracture mechanics of bodies with cracks. A significant role of residual welding stresses, geometric peculiarities of welded joints, mechanical heterogeneity, caused by the effect of a welding thermal cycle and appropriate impurities in weld metal, is outlined. | |
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PANASYUK V.V. and ANDREYKIV O.Ye. NEW APPROACHES TO ASSESSING THE WELDED JOINTS LIFE |
87 |
| The calculation model for solving the problems of welded joint life has been formulated. In the proposed model a welded joint is considered as a heterogeneous (by the physical and mechanical properties) deformed solid with a defect like faulty fusion-crack that propagates under cyclic loading of a body. The equations for estimating the fatigue crack growth rate were obtained on the basis of the balance of heterogeneous joint material fatigue fracture energy and reversive elastoplastic deformation of the process zone in the vicinity of the defect tip. The fatigue crack propagation direction with respect to initial defect plane was established from the condition that this direction provides the maximum crack rate. The proposed model was applied for assessing residual life of the butt and T-joints and a good correlation between the calculational and experimental data was found. | |
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PATON B.E. and NEDOSEKA A.Ya. NEW APPROACH TO EVALUATION OF THE CONDITION OF WELDED STRUCTURES |
92 |
| New approaches to evaluation of the condition of welded structures in service are considered. Shown is the need to apply the technology of structure diagnostic based on 100 % control of materials and structures which makes it necessary to implement a package of measures including use of special diagnostic systems and equipment, procedures of their application and standards which regulate this work. | |
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PATON B.E. and TROITSKY V.A. DEVELOPMENT OF NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF CRITICAL METAL STRUCTURES |
95 |
| The paper presents some recent developments in the field of non-destructive testing, promising directions of NDT as a basis for technical diagnostics of metal structures which have been in service for a long time, new technological capabilities in computerisation of the NDT process. The role of Ukrainian Society of NDT and Technical Diagnostics is shown. | |
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PERELMUTER A.V. WEAR AND RELIABILITY OF STEEL STRUCTURES |
102 |
| General principles of wear of steel structures are considered. Possible decisions which may be made after assessment of technical state of structures are indicated. Data on the accident rate of basic load-carrying structures are given. It is noted that in the majority of cases the accident rate is not related to the safety factor. In-service monitoring of the technical state of an object is considered to be very important. The necessity of developing regulatory and methodological documents for specification, assessment and maintenance of a certain level of safety of load-carrying structures is substantiated. | |
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RAGUNOVICH S.P., TSYGANOV V.A. and SHELEG V.K. ELECTRIC-ARC WELDING UNDER FORCED CONDITIONS |
102 |
| Described is the approach to investigation of relationship between volt-ampere dynamic characteristics of a heat source and peculiarities of formation of the weld pool which determine the quality of welding. The concept of computer diagnostics and monitoring of the arc welding process, based on the finite number of statistical moments of the arc power, is presented. The quantitative indication of the welded joint quality is suggested. | |
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CERJAK H. and LETOFSKY E. STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF E911 STEEL WELDED JOINTS |
112 |
| Weldability and creep rupture strength of a new low-carbon chromium steel of the ferritic class at elevated temperatures were investigated. Compared to the known P91 steel, the new steel is further alloyed with tungsten. Investigations demonstrated that E911 steel is not inferior to P91 steel in weldability, while the creep rupture values of E911 steel welded joint are higher than those of P91 welded joint. | |
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SMIRNOV V.V. and TSUKUROV O.A. PROBLEMS OF CERTIFICATION OF WELDING FABRICATION IN MACHINE-BUILDING BRANCHES OF RUSSIA |
117 |
| The state-of-the-art in certification of welding fabrication in the machine-building industry branches of Russia is analyzed and evaluated. The ways of an integrated solution of problems existing in the field of certification are suggested. | |
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STEKLOV O.I. MECHANICAL-CORROSION STRENGTH OF WELDED STRUCTURES |
125 |
| State-of-the-art of the metal stock of welded structures under the conditions of their corrosion and ageing is considered. Specifics of a mechanical-corrosion strength of welded joints and approaches to the calculation of strength at stress corrosion are shown. | |
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FROLOV K.V. and MAKHUTOV N.A. STRENGTH AND LIFE OF WELDED JOINTS IN NUCLEAR POWER REACTOR STRUCTURES |
132 |
| Features of design, technological solutions, welding defects and their influence on generation of the stressed-strained states in load-carrying structures of water-water power reactors are considered. Given are the results of experimental and design analysis of the fields of stresses which induce various limit states during the regular and emergency operation of NPP. Interaction of the academic, research, design, technological organisations and branch research institutes in solving the problems of strength and life of welded joints, is shown. | |
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FUJITA Yu. and YURIOKA N. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS OF STEEL AND WELDING MATERIALS CAPABLE OF IMPROVING STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY |
139 |
| A number of problems associated with the creation of high-reliability engineering structures is considered. They include the peculiarities of application of structural materials of the new generation which is characterized by a high strength, corrosion resistance, high-temperature and heat resistance. The ways of development of materials for their welding are defined. It is shown that a simultaneous development of steels and welding consumables is a very important link in the process of improvement of reliability of welded joints from the point of view of resistance to tough and brittle fracture, fatigue, corrosion and/or creep. | |
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FUJITA Yu., MANABE Yu., ZENITANI S. and URAKAWA S. DEVELOPMENT OF TWO WIRES TIG WELDING WITH ELECTROMAGNETICALLY CONTROLLED MOLTEN POOL PROCESS |
145 |
| In horizontal position, welding bead has an inclination to become hanging bead by gravity, and this problem makes horizontal welding difficult for high-deposition rate welding. To solve this problem, authors proposed a new concept of welding process, so-called electromagnetically controlled molten pool (ECMP) welding process. In this process the molten metal flow and bead shape are controlled by using upward electromagnetic force. | |
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VON HOFE D. and MIDDELDORF K. INNOVATIONS IN JOINING TECHNOLOGY - PROCESSES AND PRODUCTS FOR THE FUTURE |
149 |
| Promising areas of development of different materials (steels, light metals and alloys, metal foams, composites, polymers) are considered. It is noted that in the future welding and related technologies will be the preferred methods, because of their high productivity, high degree of automation and simulation. | |
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CZWORNOG B. EFFECT OF SHIELDING GAS COMPOSITION ON CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGH-EFFICIENCY CONSUMABLE-ELECTRODE SHIELDED-GAS WELDING (MAG |
157 |
| The results of investigation of high-efficiency processes of welding in Ar-He-CO2 and Ar-CO2 mixtures at 450 A currents are given. The sizes of a cross-section of deposited beads, including the depth of penetration are evaluated. The chemical composition was determined, metallographic examinations, and also the tensile tests, impact bend and fracture toughness tests of metal deposited in shielding gas mixtures at 300, 350 and 400 A currents were performed. There were no significant differences in properties of the metal deposited in various mixtures. Good characteristics of properties of the deposited metal and welded joints obtained at currents up to 430 A using all compositions of shielding gas mixtures were confirmed. | |
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CHERNYAEV K.V. and VASIN E.S. ENSURING OF SAFE OPERATION AND EXTENSION OF SERVICE LIFE OF MAIN PIPELINES |
161 |
| The Joint-Stock Company Transneft developed and put into operation the system for ensuring safe operation and extension of service life of main pipelines. The system is based on integrated four-level diagnostic monitoring using in-pipe high-resolution diagnostic gears, allowing all types of defects which are the main causes of accidents to be revealed. Repair of pipelines is planned on the basis of estimation of an extent of danger of defects revealed. The composite-coupling technology is employed for selective repair of pipelines without any interruption of pumping. The system makes it possible to fundamentally decrease the rate of accidents at main oil pipelines and provides substantial cost effectiveness. | |
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SHAN JIGUO, WU AIPING, ZHANG DI and REN JIALIE HEAT TREATMENT AND CLADDING USING A LIGHT BEAM HEATING |
164 |
| The problems of heat treatment and cladding using a method of a light beam heating to improve the serviceability of components under the complex conditions of loading are considered. It was established that the use of a light beam source is an alternative to a laser source. It is shown that the light beam cladding of a composite powder of Ni-Cr-B-Si-WC system on steel 45 contributes to the increase in microhardness of coating almost by 2 times. | |
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