Техническая диагностика и неразрушающий контроль, 2015, №02



2015 №02 (02)

DOI of Article 10.15407/tdnk2015.02.03

2015 №02 (04)

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Техническая диагностика и неразрушающий контроль, №2, 2015 стр. 16-25
 

Застосування методу акустичної емісії для діагностування корпусів ядерних реакторів (Огляд). Повідомлення ІІІ. Нормативна база і перспективи застосування методу акустичної емісії в ядерній енергетиці

І.М. Неклюдов, З.Т. Назарчук, В.Р. Скальський, Л.Н. Добровольська

G.V. Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute, NASU

Реферат:
Постійне оновлення нормативної бази діагностування корпусів реакторів АЕС відбувається на фоні кількох конкуруючих тенденцій. З одного боку, маємо наростаючу стурбованість старінням діючого енергогенеруючого обладнання, ресурс якого неухильно наближається до свого проектного закінчення, а з іншого – дві катастрофи, що не пов’язані з таким ста¬рінням. Катастрофа 1986 р. на Чорнобильській АЕС відбулась через суттєві недоліки конструкції та ненормативні дії обслуговуючого персоналу, а 2011 р. на японській АЕС Фукусіма – через природній катаклізм, у якому поєднались землетрус та цунамі позапроектних рівнів. І хоча згадані катастрофи завдали відчутного удару по репутації атомної енергетики, АЕС і далі залишаються одним із головних претендентів на задоволення зростаючих енергетичних потреб людства. Сучасні тенденції створення методів діагностування стану ядерного енергетичного обладнання вимагають розвитку наявної і розроблення нової нормативної бази для їх успішного застосування. Бібліогр. 41.
 
Ключові слова: акустична емісія, ядерна енергетика, нормативна база діагностування
 
First acoustic-emission (AE) measuring systems of commercial modification were developed, and correlations between AE signal parameters and fracture propagation characteristics were established in the first half of the XXth century. This was exactly the basis for awakening the interest of nuclear energy technology developers and operators to this new method, which will eventually become an effective addition to the existing technologies of non-destructive testing (NDT) for detection and monitoring of nuclear reactor body defects. In view of the extremely high requirements made to such facilities in terms of their quality and integrity, significant efforts were focused on AE method development and its introduction into industry already at the end of 1970ties. Practical realization of the techniques and means for AE monitoring and diagnostics of the condition of NPP reactor bodies confirmed the high effectiveness of the method, although different opinions were expressed on this subject at the start of their introduction. 41 References.
 
Keywords: acoustic emission, nuclear power engineering, diagnostics normative base
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Поступила в редакцию 10.07.2015
Підписано до друку 16.06.2015.